In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern hired an electrician various performers to promote sales of their song "The Little Lost Child". A series of still images were projected on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This was the first step toward music videos to as they are known today.This would become a popular form of entertainment known as the illustrated song.
In 1926, with the arrival of "talkies" many musical short films were produced.
Early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, which featured several interpretations of classical pieces, were built around music.
In the mid-1940s, musician Louis Jordan made short films for his songs, some of which were spliced together into a feature film Lookout Sister. These films were, according to music historian Donald Clarke, the "ancestors" of music video.
Musical films were another important precursor to music video, and several well-known music videos have imitated the style of classic Hollywood musicals from the 1930s to the 1950s. One of the best-known examples is Madonna's 1985 video for "Material Girl" which was closely modelled on Jack Cole's staging of "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend" from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
In his autobiography, Tony Bennett claims to have created "...the first music video". The clip was sent to UK and US television stations and aired on shows including Dick Clark's American Bandstand.
In 1961, for the Canadian show Singalong Jubilee, Manny Pittson began pre-recording the music audio, went on-location and taped various visuals with the musicians lip-synching, then edited the audio and video together.
In 1964, the Beatles starred in their first feature film A Hard Day's Night. It was shot in black-and-white and presented as a mock documentary, it interspersed comedic and dialogue sequences with musical tones.
The Beatles' second feature Help! (1965) was filmed in colour in London and on international locations. The title track sequence is arguably one of the prime archetypes of the modern performance-style music video. This is through employing rhythmic cross-cutting, contrasting long shots and close-ups, and unusual shots and camera angles.
In 1965, the Beatles began making promotional clips for distribution and broadcast in other countries so they could promote their record releases without having to make in-person appearances.
The colour promotional clips for "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane", made in early 1967 and directed by Peter Goldman took the promotional film format to a new level. They used techniques borrowed from underground and avant garde film, including reversed film and slow motion, dramatic lighting, unusual camera angles and color filtering added in post-production.
Concert films were being released in the mid-1960s, at least as early as 1964.
The monochrome 1966 clip for Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" was featured in Pennebaker's Dylan film documentary Dont Look Back. Avoiding any attempt to simulate performance or present a narrative
The Australian TV shows Countdown and Sounds, both of which premiered in 1974, were significant in developing and popularizing the music video genre in Australia and other countries
The long-running British TV show Top of the Pops began playing music videos in the late 1970s
In 1980, David Bowie scored his first UK number one in nearly a decade thanks to director David Mallet's eye catching promo for "Ashes to Ashes"
In 1981, the U.S. video channel MTV launched, airing "Video Killed the Radio Star" and beginning an era of 24-hour-a-day music on television. With this new outlet for material, the music video would, by the mid-1980s, grow to play a central role in popular music marketing.
Two key innovations in the development of the modern music video were the development of relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use video recording and editing equipment, and the development of visual effects created with techniques such as image compositing. In this period, directors and the acts they worked with began to explore and expand the form and style of the genre, using more sophisticated effects in their videos, mixing film and video, and adding a storyline or plot to the music video.
In 1983, the most successful, influential and iconic music video of all time was released: the nearly 14-minute-long video for Michael Jackson's song "Thriller". The video set new standards for production, having cost US$800,000 to film.
Prior to Jackson's success, videos by African-American artists were rarely played on MTV
In 1984, MTV also launched the MTV Video Music Awards, an annual awards event that would come to underscore MTV's importance in the music industry.
In 1985, MTV launched the channel VH1, featuring softer music, and meant to cater to an older demographic than MTV. MTV Europe was launched in 1987, and MTV Asia in 1991.
A lyric video is one in which the words to the song are the main element of the video. In 1987, Prince released a video for his song "Sign o' the Times". The video featured the song's words pulsing to the music presented along with abstract geometric shapes
In 1988, the MTV show Yo! MTV Raps debuted; the show helped to bring hip hop music to a mass audience for the first time.
Around the 1990's lyric videos were introduced which the words of the song are the main element of the video. A lyric video may be released separately by a music label prior to the more usual video featuring the artist.
MTV launched channels around the world to show music videos produced in each local market: MTV Latin Americain 1993, MTV India in 1996, and MTV Mandarin in 1997, among others.
2005 saw the launch of the website YouTube, which made the viewing of online video much faster and easier; Google Videos, Yahoo! Video, Facebook and Myspace's video functionality use similar technology.
Vevo is a music video website launched by several major music publishers in December 2009. The videos on VEVO are syndicated to YouTube, with Google and VEVO sharing the advertising revenue.
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